In my last articles I had shared the arguments with sed which can be used to perform case insensitive actions (search, replace..) in a file and to delete all blank lines from the file.
Now suppose you have a set of words or line which want to match and perform some activity but you do not know the no of whitespace between each word or string.
For eg I have a file /tmp/file with below content
Now suppose you have a set of words or line which want to match and perform some activity but you do not know the no of whitespace between each word or string.
For eg I have a file /tmp/file with below content
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacctI would like to grep for "Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset"
but I do not want to risk the grep with the spaces between every word
If I do a normal search and replace like below
# sed 's/Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset/NEW CONTENT/g' /tmp/file
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: NEW CONTENT
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacctIt worked as expected but what if there were some extra spaces between the words like below
# cat /tmp/file
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacctand trying the same command as above
# sed 's/Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset/NEW CONTENT/g' /tmp/file
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacctIt didn't worked.
So we have to try to ignore these whitespaces so that we have a perfect match
# sed 's/Initializings*cgroups*subsyss*cpuset/NEW CONTENT/g' /tmp/file
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: NEW CONTENT
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacctIt worked so below is what you have to use
s This is equivalent to [[:blank:]]
* means 0 or higherSo search for all whitespace (0 or higher) when used
# sed 's/Initializing[[:blank:]]*cgroup[[:blank:]]*subsys[[:blank:]]*cpuset/NEW CONTENT/g' /tmp/file
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: NEW CONTENT
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Dec 14 13:29:13 cc01-pgd-002a kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct